![]() Players continue to alternate in this manner until all pieces have been placed, with the only restriction being that bishops must be on opposite-colour squares. White first places one of their pieces on their first rank, and then Black does the same. Pre-chess: The game starts with white and black pawns set as usual, but the initial position of other pieces is selected by the players.Polgár recommended these variants to train creativity and to speed up the game. There are special rules for castling depending on the board. The initial piece setup is determined by players in the same way as in Benko's Pre-chess. Polgar reform chess : In his book Reform-Chess (1997), László Polgár proposed several variants played on board of size 5×8, 6×8, 8×6, or 9×6.As the pawns are blocked by pieces in the starting position, the game always starts with a knight move, and smothered mates are common. The starting position looks like a standard chess starting position, but from the other player's perspective. Upside-down chess : The white and black pieces are switched so that White's pieces are on the 8th rank, with pawns on the 7th rank, one step away from promotion.This was the first chess-like game played by a computer program. ![]() Los Alamos chess (or Anti-Clerical chess) : Played on a 6×6 board without bishops.Normal check, checkmate, en passant, and pawn promotion rules apply. Endgame chess (or The Pawns Game, with unknown origins) : Players start the game with only pawns and a king.Each player plays with two complete sets of chess pieces. Doublewide chess : Two regular chessboards are connected for a 16×8 play surface.Capablanca found the game "remarkably interesting". Pawns advance up to four steps on their first move. Double Chess: Two full armies per side on a 12×16 board, the first to mate an enemy king wins.Some examples of this may be that the king and queen are flipped, or the knight on the b- file is traded with the bishop on the f-file. Displacement chess : Some pieces in the initial position are exchanged but the rules remain exactly the same.Kuzmichov (1989), whose students tested the game, deciding that the optimal starting position was to place the second queen on the eighth or ninth files. Active Chess : Played on a 9×8 board, adding a queen with an extra pawn in front.Upside-down chess starting position (White sits at bottom) The downside of these variants is that the initial position usually has less harmony and balance than the standard chess position. The motivation for these variants is usually to nullify established opening knowledge. In most such variants, the pawns are placed on their usual squares, but the position of other pieces is either randomly determined or selected by the players. Many variants employ standard chess rules and mechanics, but vary the number of pieces, or their starting positions. Variant starting position (rectangular board, standard piece types and rules) Names that represent a set of variants are annotated with "" after their name. If a variant changes rules from multiple categories, it belongs to the sub-section below corresponding to the later-listed category. The rules can be grouped into categories, from the most innocuous (starting position) to the most dramatic (adding chance/randomness to the gameplay after the initial piece placement). The chess variants listed below are derived from chess by changing one or more of the many rules of the game. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources. This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness.
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